Clayman (1995)

Clayman, Michelle. "One-Time Charges: Never Having to Say You're Sorry?" Financial Analysts Journal, September/October 1995.

Finds that companies reporting frequent "one-time" charges between 1989 and 1994 had lower returns than other companies. The author comments that "the charges that appear most problematic are restructuring charges and those taken for discontinued operations."

Link:  https://www.jstor.org/stable/4479870?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents